Basic Optical Encoder Subcomponents.！

Rotary encoders are specified for form factor, level of ruggedness, and resolution. For incremental encoders, resolution is defined as counts per turn. For absolute single-turn encoders, it is positions per turn, expressed as a multi-bit word. Multiturn encoders (those that track over multiple 360° turns) are specified in positions per input-shaft turn, and the number of internal gear-ratio turns.

Required rotary encoder resolution depends on the number of positions requiring measurement. If a machine must measure the travel of a 25-in. leadscrew in increments of 0.001 in., for example, then it requires an absolute encoder with a resolution of 25,000 points. That said, rotary encoder resolution here is usually defined in terms of bits: A 12-bit encoder, for example, refers to the binary number 212 that is 4,096 decimal. Thus, a 12-bit encoder has a resolution of 4,096 points.

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