Optical Absolute Encoders！

An absolute encoder has multiple detectors and a disc with multiple, unique tracks. The disc produces Gray code output — named after Bell Labs physicist Frank Gray — a binary numeral system for which (unlike straight binary) successive values differ by one bit. Therefore, absolute encocer maximum possible error (if the encoder stops between transitions) is only 0.5 bit. This information is available even if the absolute encoder temporarily shut down.

Taking absolute tracking further,multiturn optical encoders clock movement over multiple revolutions. In geared designs, a primary gear meshes with an encoder shaft that moves a secondary gear, and so on: Each gear of absolute encoder is an etched disc for which rotation is tracked by the encoder sensing and electronics; the absolute encoder combines the output of all discs to count the total number of shaft turns.

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