The theory of incremental opration！

The principle of incremental encoder operation is generation of a symmetric, repeating waveform that can be used to monitor the input motion. The basic components of all optical incremental encoders are the light source, light shutter system, light sensor, and signal conditioning electronics. These components will be housed and assembled to various mechanical assemblies, either rotary or linear in design depending on how motion will be monitored. The encoders mechanical input operates the light shutter which modulates the intensity of the light at the sensor. The sensors electrical output is a function of the incident light. The encoders electrical output is produced from the sensor output by the signal conditioning electronics and can be either

 a sinewave
• a shaped, squarewave
• a series of equally spaced pulses produced at regular points on the waveform

In its most fundamental form, the light shutter is an optical slit and a substrate inscribed with alternating lines and spaces of equal width. When the substrate is moved relative to the slit, the light transmitted through the slit rises and falls. This incident light relatively excites the light sensor which in turn provides the rawelectrical signal to shaping electronics. In practice, a large multi-slit stationary substrate or reticle, is used instead of a single slit .The reticle allows transmission of more light which aids the alignment process. Also, line imperfections such as pinholes, scratches,and dust particles do not significantly affect sensor output since incident light is averaged over many lines. The encoders mechanical input is coupled to the moving plate to operate the light shutter.

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