Optical Encoders！

Optical encoders use a glass disk with a pattern of lines deposited on it, a metal
or plastic disk with slots (in a rotary encoder), or a glass or metal strip (in a linear
encoder). Light from an LED shines through the disk or strip onto one or more
photodetectors, which produce the encoder’s output. An incremental encoder has
one or more of these tracks, while an absolute encoder has as many tracks as it has output bits.

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