Linear Encoders！

Linear encoders have evolved over the years to provide extremely
accurate position information. Their principle of operation
depends upon sensing position from precision graduations
(position codes) etched on a linear scale. They come in both contacting and non-contacting types, and their length is primarily
limited to their temperature-sensitive coefficient of expansion
to preserve accuracy. Most modern scales are glass, and optical
sensors detect the graduations. (See Figure 9.04.) The benefit
of a non-contacting type is typically longer life because it uses
optical components instead of brushes or a contacting wiper.
All optical encoders contain a light source, light detector, code
wheel or scale, and signal processor

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