Quadrature Encoders！

Quadrature Encoders
The two channels, A and B, of a dual output incremental encoder
are usually displaced by 90 degrees from each other. Therefore,
the spacing between pulses is one-half the line width. When the
disc contains 1024 lines and 1024 spaces, the sensor generates 4 x 1024 = 4096 pulses encoder per revolution; hence the output signals are delivered in quadrature. (See Figure 9.08.) The angular movement in this arrangement resolves to 5.27 minutes of arc.

Signal conditioning circuits generate the output signal waveform
and complementary signals, sense their direction, and filter the
output. The amplitude of the input voltage controls two stable
output states of a shaper circuit. The shaper output feeds several
gates, which in turn generate the pulses that mark the encoder’s
zero-signal crossings. The circuits also sense whether channel A
leads or lags channel B to provide direction information.

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