Incremental encoder structure and working principle - Changchun Rongde Optics Co.,Ltd.

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Changchun Rongde Optics
Co.,Ltd.
Add：No.1666 Yaan Road,
North Lake Development District,
Changchun 130102,China
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Incremental encoder structure and working principle！

Changchun Rongde Optics Co.,Ltd. Release time：2017/1/10 Browse：832

Incremental encoders can output a specific number of pulses in one revolution. The output signal may be a single A signal or a dual AB signal, and the direction of rotation may be detected by the phase difference. This AB signal is called the quadrature signal. Incremental encoders are mainly composed of shafts, PCBs and enclosures. PCB contains sensors and signal processing circuit used to generate two main AB signal. In addition to this, it is possible to provide a zigzag signal which is generated once for the detection of the origin or the correction of the AB signal.
Incremental photoelectric encoder mainly by the light source, code disc, detection grating, photoelectric detection devices and conversion circuit, as shown below.

The code plate engraved with equal pitch of the radiation-like light transmission gap between the adjacent two light transmission gap represents a incremental cycle; detection grating engraved with A, B two groups corresponding to the code plate and the light transmission gap, For passing or blocking the light between the light source and the photodetection device. Their pitch is equal to the pitch on the code plate, and the two sets of transparent gaps are shifted by 1/4 pitch, so that the signals outputted by the photoelectric detecting devices differ in phase by 90 degrees. When the code disc with the axis of rotation when the test, the detection grating does not move, the light through the code plate and detection of grating on the gap through the photoelectric detection device, the photoelectric detection device output phase difference between the two 90 ° electrical angle Of the electrical signal similar to the sine wave, the electrical signal through the conversion circuit signal processing, you can get the measured axis of the corner or speed information. The incremental optical encoder output signal waveform is shown below.

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